![]() Shortly after Trujillo turned to crime: cattle stealing, check counterfeiting, and postal robbery. At the age of 16, Trujillo got a job as a telegraph operator, which he held for about three years. As a child, he was obsessed with his appearance and would place bottle caps on his clothes that mimicked military decorations. ![]() One year later, he transferred to the school of Broughton, where he became a pupil of Eugenio María de Hostos and remained there for the rest of his primary schooling. In 1897, at the age of six, Trujillo was registered in the school of Juan Hilario Meriño. ![]() Trujillo was the third of eleven children he also had an adopted brother, Luis Rafael "Nene" Trujillo (1935–2005), who was raised in the home of Trujillo Molina. Trujillo's mother was Altagracia Julia Molina Chevalier, later known as Mama Julia, the daughter of Pedro Molina Peña, also of colonial Dominican origin, and the teacher Luisa Erciná Chevalier, whose parents were part of the remaining French descendants in Haiti: Trujillo's maternal great-grandfather, Justin Víctor Turenne Carrié Blaise, was of French descent, while his maternal great-grandmother, Eleonore Juliette Chevallier Moreau, was part of Haiti's mulatto class. His father was José Trujillo Valdez, the son of Silveria Valdez Méndez of colonial Dominican origin and José Trujillo Monagas, a Spanish sergeant who arrived in Santo Domingo as a member of the Spanish reinforcement troops during the annexation era. Rafael Leónidas Trujillo y Molina was born on 24 October 1891 in San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic, into a lower-middle-class family. While his supporters credit him for bringing stability and prosperity to the country, others criticize his heavy-handed and violent rule scorning civil rights and freedoms. Trujillo remains a polarizing figure in the Dominican Republic, as the sheer longevity of his rule makes a detached evaluation difficult. In perspective, the Trujillo dictatorship has been judged more prominent and more brutal than those that surrounded it. In the countries of the Caribbean Basin alone, his dictatorship overlapped with those in Cuba, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Venezuela, and Haiti. The Trujillo era unfolded in a Hispanic Caribbean environment particularly susceptible to dictators. Before leaving, those allies killed the surviving members of the assassination plot. An example is Joaquín Balaguer, who fled to New York City. By 19 November 1961, Trujillo's relatives and allies were forced to leave the country. In the immediate aftermath, Trujillo's son Ramfis took temporary control of the country, and vowed revenge for his father. On, Trujillo was assassinated by conspirators sponsored by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). These acts of violence would erode relations between the Dominican Republic and the international community.īy 1960, Trujillo had amassed a net worth of $800 million ($8.02 billion today). Notorious examples of Trujillo's reach abroad are the assassination attempt in Caracas against Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt in 1960, the abduction and subsequent disappearance in New York City of the Spaniard Jesús Galíndez in 1956, and the murder of writer José Almoina in Mexico, also a Spaniard. Trujillo and his regime were responsible for many deaths, including between 12,000 and 30,000 Haitians in the infamous Parsley massacre in 1937.ĭuring his long rule, the Trujillo government extended its policy of state terrorism beyond national borders. His rule of 31 years, known to Dominicans as the Trujillo Era (Spanish: El Trujillato), is considered one of the bloodiest political regimes ever in the Americas, and centered around a personality cult of its leader. He served as president from 1930 to 1938 and again from 1942 to 1952, ruling for the rest of the time as an unelected military strongman under figurehead presidents. Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina ( / t r uː ˈ h iː j oʊ/ troo- HEE-yoh, Spanish: 24 October 1891 – ), nicknamed El Jefe ( Spanish:, "The Chief" or "The Boss"), was a Dominican dictator who ruled the Dominican Republic from February 1930 until his assassination in May 1961.
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